Alkyrol® Referencias   [Print this page]

CANCER:

Ahmad, I., Filep, J.J., Franklin, C., Janoff, A., et al.: Effects of ether lipids liposomes against mouse tumors and human tumor xenografts. The Liposome Company, Princeton, NJ, Proc of the American Assoc. for Cancer Research, Vol. 37; March 1996.

Aliau S., et al.: Synthesis of nuclear lipids in L2C leukemic lymphocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1085:350-364; 1991.

Andreesen, R.: Ether lipids in the therapy of cancer. Prog Biochem Pharmacol, 22:118-131; 1988.

Andreesen, R., Modolell, M., Weitzien. H.U., et al: Selective destruction of human leukemia cells by alkylphospholipids in relation to O-alky cleavage enzyme activities. Cancer Research, 38:3894-9;
1978.

Baumann, W.J. (ed): Ether lipids in oncology. American Oil Chemists Society Press. Champaign, IL, 1987.

Baumann, W.J. (ed): First International Symposium on Ether Lipids in Oncology. Gottingen, 1986.
Lipids, 22:775-980; 1987.

Berdel, W.E., Andreesen, R., Munder, P.G.: Synthetic alkylphospholipid analogs: A new class of antitumor antigens. In: Kuo, Phospholipids and cellular regulation. Vol. 2, pp. 42-73 (CRC Press, Boca Raton) 1985.

Berdel, W.E., Bausert, W.R., Fink, U., Rastetter, J.: Anti-tumor action of alkyl-lysophospholipids (Review). Anticancer Res (Greece), 1 (6) P 315, 52; 1981.

Berdel, W.E, Bausert, W.R., Weltzien, H.V., et al: The influence of alkyl-lysophospholipids and Iysophospholipid activated macrophages on the development of metastases of 3-Lewis lung carcinoma. Europ J Cancer , 16:pp. 1119-1204; 1980.

Berdel, W.E., Fink, U., Egger, B., Reichert, A. et al: Growth inhibition of malignant hypernephroma cells by autologous Iysophospholipid incubated macrophages obtained by a new method. Anticancer Research, 1:135-140; 1980.

Berdel, W.E., Fink, U., Egger, B., Reichert, A., et al: Alkyl-lysophospholipids Inhibit the Growth of Hypernephroid Carcinomas in Vitro. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 101:325-330; 1981.

Berdel, W.E., Fink, U., Thiel, E., Stinkel, K., et al: Inhibition by alkyl-lysophospholipids of tritiated thymidine uptake in cells of human’s malignant urologic tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst., 66;813; 1982.

Berdel, W.E., Schlehe, R., Fink, U., Emmerich, B., et al: Early tumor and leukemia response to alkyl-lysophospholipids in phase-I-study. Cancer; 50: 2011-2015; 1982.

Berdel, W.E., Von Hoff, D.D., Unger, C., et al: Ether lipids derivatives: antineoplastic activity in vitro and the structure-activity relationship. Lipids, 21:301-4; 1986.

Berdel, W.E.: Antineoplastic activity of synthetic Iysophospholipid analogs. Blut, 44:71-78; 1982.

Berengere-Claire, R.: Les alkoxyglycerols et leurs utilization dans les traitements par irradiation des Cancers. These. Universite de Montpellier I. Octobre 1991.

Blank ML, et al.: The biosynthesis of plamalogens from labeled O-alkylglycerols in Ehrlich ascites cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 210: 442-447: 1970.

Boeryd, B., Hallgren, B.: The influence of the lipid composition of the feed given to mice on the immunocompetence and tumor resistance of the progeny. Int J Cancer, 26:241-246; 1980.

Boeryd, B., Hallgren, B.: The fat composition of a mouse diet modifies the effects of levamisol on growth and spread of a murine tumor. Acta Path Microbiol Immunol Scand., Sec. A, 93:99-103; 1985.

Boeryd, B, Hallgren, B., Stallbeep, G.: Studies on the effect of methoxy-substituted glycerol ethers on tumor growth and metastasis formation. Br J Exp Pathol 52 (19th): 221-230.

Brachwitz, H., Longen, P., Arndt, D., Fichtner, I.: Cystatic activity of synthetic O-alkylglycerolipids.
Lipids. 22:897-903. 1987.

Brohult, A., Brohult, J., Brohult, S., Joelsson, I.: Do alkyloxyglycerols in cell membranes stop tumor growth? 3rd International Conference on Surface and Colloid Science. Stockholm. August. 1979.

Brohult, A., Brohult, J., Brohult, S., Joelsson, I.: Reduced mortality in cancer patients after administration of alkyloxyglycerols. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 65:779-85; 1986.

Brohult, A., Brohult, J., Brohult, S.: Biochemical effects of alkyloxyglycerols and their use in cancer therapy. Acta Chem Scand., Vol. 24, pp. 730-732, 1970.

Brohult, A., Brohult, J., Brohult, S.: Regression of tumor growth after administration of alkyloxyglycerols. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, Vol. 57, pp. 79-83, 1978.

Daniel, L.W., Latkin, L.A., Morriston, B.T., Parker, J. et al: Ether lipids inhibit the effects of phorbol diester tumor promoters. Department of Biochemistry. Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem. North Carolina 27103. Lipids (United States), 22 (11) p. 851-5; Nov 1987.

Diomede, L., Provani, B., Modest, E.J., Noseda, A., et al: Increased ether lipid cytotoxicity by reducing membrane cholesterol content. Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche, Mario Negri, Milan, Italy, Int J Cancer (United States), 49 (3) p.409-13; Sep 30. 1991.

Fleer, E.A.M., Under, C., Kim. D.J., Eibl, H.: Metabolism of (ether)-phospholipids and of analogs in neoplastic cells. Lipids. 22:856-861; 1987.

Ford, D.A., Miyake, R., Glaser, P.E., Gross, R.W.: Activation of protein kinase C by naturally occurring ether-linked diglycerides. J Biol Chem, 264:13818-24. 1989.

Glasser, L., Somberg, L.B., Vogler, W.R.: Purging murine leukemia marrow with alkyl-lysophospholipids. Blood. 64:1288-91; 1984.

Herrmann, B.J., Neumann, H.A.: Cytotoxic ether phospholipids, J Biol Chem, 261:7742-7747; 1986.

Herrmann, D.B.: Changes in cellular lipid synthesis of normal and neoplastic cells during cytolysis induced by alkyl-lysophospholipid analogues. J Natn Cancer Inst. 75:423-430; 1985.

Hichami, A., Duroudier, V., Leblais, V., Vernhet, L., Le Goffic, F., Ninio E., Legrand, A. Modulation of platelet-activating-factor production by incorporation of naturally occurring 1-O-alkylglycerols in phospholipids of human leukemic monocyte-like THP-1 cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 250: 242-248, Dec 1997.

Hoffman, D.R., Hoffman, L.H., Snyder, F.: Cytotoxicity and metabolism of alkyl phospholipid analogues in neoplastic cells. Cancer Res, 46:5803-5809; 1986.

Houlihan, W.J., Lee, M.L., Munder, P.G., Nemecek, G.M.: Antitumor activity of SRI 62-834, a cyclic ether analog of ET-18-0CH3. Lipids. 22:884-90; 1987.

Kelley, E.E., Modest, E.J., Burns, C.P.: Unidirectional membrane uptake of the ether lipid antineoplastic agent edelosine by L1210 cells. Biochem Pharmacol, 45: 2435-39; 1993.

Langen P., et al.: Inhibition of proliferation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo by halogeno analogues of long chain acyl- and alkylglycerols. Acta Biol Med Ger., 38:965-974; 1979.

Lazenby, C.M., Thompson, M.G., Hickman, J.A.: Elevation of leukemic cell intracellular calcium by the ether lipid SRI 62-834. Cancer Res. 1190; 50:3327-30.

Marasco CJ Jr., et al.: Synthesis and biological activity of novel quaternary ammonium derivative of alklglycerols as potent inhibitors of protein kinase C. J Med Chem, 33:985-992; 1990.

Modellel, M., Andreesen, R., Pahikes, W., Brugger, U., et al: Disturbance of phospholipid metabolism during selective destruction of tumor cells induced by alkylphospholipids. Cancer Res, 38:4681; 1979.

Munder, P.G., Modellel, M., Bausert, W., Oettgen, H.F., et al: AIkyl-lysophospholipids in cancer therapy. In: Augmenting Agents in Cancer Therapy (ed EM Hersh, et al) Raven Press; New York, pp 441-458; 1981.

Okamoto, S., Olson, A.C., Berdel, W.E., Vogler, W.R.: Purging of acute myeloid leukemic cells by ether lipids and hyperthermia. Blood. 72:1777-83; 1988.

Puoti A, et al.: Characterization of abnormal free glycophosphatidylinositols accumulating in mutant lymphoma cells of classes B, E, F, and H. J Biol Chem, 268:7215-7224; 1993.

Runge, M.H., Andreesen, R., Pfeiderer, A., Munder, P.G.: Destruction of human solid tumors by alkyl-lysophospholipids. J Natl Cancer Inst, 64:1301-1306; 1980.

Unger, C., Eibl, H., VonHeyden, H.W., Krisch, B., et al: Blood-brain barrier and the penetration of cytostatic drugs. Kli Wochenschr, 63 (12) p.565-71; 1985.

Unger, C., Eibl, H., Kim, D.J., et al: Sensitivity of leukemia cell lines to Cytotoxic alkyl-lysophospholipid in relation to O-alkyl cleavage enzyme activities. J Natl Cancer Inst. 78: 291-22, 1987.

Vogler, W.R., Berdel, W.E., Olson, A., Winton, E.F.: Autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia with marrow purged with alkyl-lysophospholipid. Blood. 80:1423-29; 1992.

Walum, E., Brohult, J., Werner, B.: Effect of 1-0(2-methoxy) hexadecyl glycerol on the growth of human neuroblastoma cell and human epithelial cancer cells. In manuscript, 1996.

Wang, H.M., Rajagopal, S., Reynolds, S., Jordan, K., and Chakrabarty, S.: Differentiation-inducing effect of 1-0 (2 methoxy) hexadecyl glycerol in human colon cancer cells. Proc of the American Assoc. for Cancer Research, Vol. 39; March 1998.

Wang, H.M., Rajagopal, S., Reynolds, S., Cederberg, H., and Chakrabarty, S.: Differentiation-promoting effect of 1-0 (2 methoxy) hexadecyl glycerol in human colon cancer cells. Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, Scandinavian Pharmaceuticals, Perkasie, PA, Cell Physiol., Vol. 178, pp. 173-178, 1999.

Werbach, M.R.: Alkylglycerols in Cancer. 1 Orth Molec Med, 9:71; 1994.

Wykle RL, et al.: Biosynthesis of an O-alkyl analogue of phosphatidic acid and O-alkylglycerols via O-alkyl ketone intermediates by microsomal enzymes of Ehrlich ascites tumor. J Biol Chem, 245: 3047-3058; 1970

Yamamoto N., et al.: Activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages by lysophospholipids and ether derivatives of neutral lipids and phospholipids. Cancer Res, 47:2008-2012; 1987.

Yamamoto, N., St. Claire, D.A., Homma, S., Ngwenya, B.: Activation of mouse macrophages by alkylglycerols, inflammation products of cancerous tissues. Cancer Research, Vol. 48, No. 21, pp. 6044-9, 1988.

RADIACION:

Alexander, P., Connell, D.I.,Brohult, A., Brohult, S.: Reduction of radiation induced shortening of life span by a diet augmented with alkyloxyglycerol esters and essential fatty acids. Gerontologia, 3: 147-152; 1959.

Brohult, A.: Alkyloxyglycerols-esters in irradiation treatment. Advances in RadiobiologyRadium Hemmet, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 241-47

Brohult, A.: Alkylglycerols in irradiation treatment. Nature, Vol. 193, No. 4822, p. 1304, March 31, 1962.

Brohult, A.: Alkylglycerols and their use in radiation treatment. Acta Radiol, Suppl 223; 1963.

Brohult, A., Brohult, J., Brohult, S., Joelsson, I.: Effect of alkylglycerols on the frequency of injuries following radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, Vol. 56, 441-448, 1977.

Brohult, A., Brohult, J., Brohult, S.: Effect of alkylglycerols on the serum ornithine carbamoyl transferase in connection with radiation treatment. Experientia, Vol. 28, 1972.

Brohult, A., Brohult, J., Brohult, S., Joelsson, I.: Effect of alkyloxyglycerols on the frequency of injuries following radiation therapy. Experientia, Vol. 29, 1973.

Brohult, A., Brohult, J., Brohult. S, Joelsson, I.: Effect of alkylglycerols on the frequency of fistulas following radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, Vol. 58, No. 2, 1979, pp. 203-207.

Brohult, A., Holmberg, J.: AIkoxyglycerols and Especially Selachyl Alcohol on the Bone Marrow in Connection with Irradiation Treatment and in Leukemia Therapy. Nature 181:1484.

Brohult, A, Holmberg, J.: AIkoxyglycerols in the Treatment of Leucopenia caused by irradiation.
Nature 174:1102, 1954.

Ghys, R.: Effects des alkoxyglycerols (Kab Y 700) sur la leucopenic consecutive a la radiotherapie.
Laval mod 30:331; 1960.

Joelsson, I.: Effect of alkylglycerols on the frequency of fistulas following radiation therapy.
Lipidforum, Lund, Sweden, June 1988.

Raynal, B.C.: Les Alkoxyglycerols et leurs utilisations dans les traitements par irradiation des cancers. These de Pharmacie – Montpellier, 1991.

Schumacher, C., Robbe, Y., Dubois, J., et al: Dose related radiation recovery of the recto-sigmoid colon mucous membrane in mice treated with shark liver oil alkylglycerols esters. Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Pharmaceutique.

Schumacher, C., Robbe, Y., Dubois, J., et al: Radio protective activity of alkyloxyglycerols-esters from shark liver oil upon the brain in mice. Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Pharmaceutique.

Schumacher, et al: Oral administration of AKG-esters: Activities on hematological data in irradiated mice. Nutr. Clin. Me’tabol. 1998; 12: 79-87.

Schumacher, Dubois, et al: Evaluation of oral administration of Alkyrol on the renewing of the rectal mucous membrane after preoperative irradiation of T2-T3 grade tumors, treated by radio-surgical combination. A pilot study, Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le cancer Montpellier, France.

INMUNOLOGIA:

Adams, D.O., Hamilton, T.A.: Molecular bases of signal transduction in macrophage activation induced by IFNY and by second signals. Immunol.Rev. 97:1-27. 1987.

Boeryd, B. Nilsson, T., Lindholm, L., Lange, S., et al: Stimulation of immune reactivity by methoxysubstituted glycerol ethers incorporated into the feed. Eur J lmmunol, 8:678-680; 1978.

Bianco, C., Griffin, F.M., Silverstein, S.C.: Studies of the macrophage complement receptors.
Alteration on receptor function upon macrophage activation. J Exp. Med. 141:1278; 1975.

Brohult, A., Brohult, J, Brohult, S.: Effect of irradiation and alkyloxyglycerol treatment on the formation of antibodies after salmonella vaccination. Experientia, 28: pp. 954-5, 1972.

Caldwell, J.E., Sifferd, R.H., Porsche, J.D., Fenger, F.: Recent studies on yellow bone marrow extracts. Amer J Med Sci. 2:717; 1945.

Cohn, Z.A.: The macrophage - Versatile element of inflammation. Harvey Lect, 77.63; 1982.

Das, A.K., Holmes, R.D., Wilson, G.N., Hajra, A.K.: Dietary ether lipid incorporation in tissue plasmalogens of humans and rodents. Lipids, 27, No. 6, 401-5; 1992.

Goetzl, E.J., Derian, C.K., Tauber, A.I., Valone, F.H.: Novel effects of 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine mediators on human leukocyte function: delineation of the specific roles of the acyl substituents. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 94:881-8; 1980.

Gross, P.A., Gould, A.L, Brown, A.E.: Effect of cancer chemotherapy on the immune response to influenza virus vaccine. Review of published studies, 7:613-618; 1985.

Herman, S., Yamamoto, N.: Activation process of macrophages after in vitro treatment of mouse Iymphocytes with dodecylglycerols. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hahnemann University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102. Clin Exp Immunol {England) 79 (2) p.307-13;
Feb 1990.

Mackaness, G.B.: The mechanisms of macrophage activation in Infectious Agents and Host Reactions. Mudd, S (ed) W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, pp 61-75; 1970.

Marberg, C.M., Wiles, H.O.: Yellow bone marrow extracts in granulocytopenia. J Amer Med Assoc, 109:1965; 1937.

Marberg, C.M., Wiles, H.O.: Granulocytopoietic fraction of yellow bone marrow. Arch. Intern. Med.
61:408; 1938.

Migliore-Samour D. and Jolles P.: Casein, a prohormone with an immunomodulating role for the newborn? Laboratoire des Proteines. University de Paris V, 1987.

Mossmann, H., Bamberger, U., Velev, B.A., Gehrung, M.: Effect of platelet-activating factor on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte enhancement of chemiluminescence and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. J Leukocyt Biol, 39:153-165; 1986.

Murray, H.W.: Macrophage activation in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In:
Mechanisms of host Resistance to Infectious Agents, Tumors, and Allografts. Steinman, R.M., North, R.J. (eds), Rockefeller University Press, New York, P.333; 1986.

Nathan, C.: Interferon-gamma and macrophage activation in cell-mediated immunity. In:
Mechanisms of host Resistance to Infectious Agents, Tumors and Allografts. Steinman, R.M., North R.J. (eds), Rockefeller University Press, New York, p.333; 1986.

Nathan, C., Noguetta, N., Juangbhanich, C., Ellis, J., Cohn, Z.: Activation of macrophages in vivo and in vitro: Correlation between hydrogen peroxide release and killing of Trypanosoma cruzi. J. Exp.
Med. 149:1056-1068; 1986.

Nathan. C.: Macrophage activation: Some questions. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 137C:345-351, 150; 1986.

Nathan, C.F.: Mechanisms of macrophage antimicrobial activity. Trans R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.
77:620-630; 1983.

Nathan, C.F., Tsunawaki, S.: Secretion of toxic oxygen products by macrophages: Regulatory cytokines and their effects on the oxidase. Ciba Found. Symp. II 8:211-230, 19.

Ngwenya, B.Z., Yamamoto, N.: Effects of inflammation products on immune systems:
Iysophosphatidylcholine stimulates macrophages. Cancer Immunol Immunothr, 21:174-182; 1986.

Ngwenya, B.Z., Yamamoto, N.: Activation of peritoneal macrophages by Iysophosphatidyl-choline.
Biochem. Biophs. Acta. 839:9-15; 1985.

Orga, S.S., Weintraub, D., Orga.P.L.: Immunologic aspects of human colostrum and milk. J Immunol, Vol. 119, No. 1, 245-248, July 1977.

Palmblad, J., Samuelsson, J. Brohult, J.: Interactions between alkylglycerols and human neutrophil granulocytes. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 50:363-370; 1990.

Sharber, M., Nathan, C.F.: Autocrine activation of macrophages by recombinant tumor necrosis factor but not interleukin-1. Blood, 68:suppl.86a (abstract); 1986.

Talmadge, J., Schneider, M., Lenz, B., Philips, H., Long, C.: Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of alkyl-lysophospholipids in mice. Lipids 22, 871-877; 1987.

Yamamoto, N., Ngwenya, B.Z., Sery, T.W., Pieringer, R.A.: Activation of macrophages by ether analogues of Iysophospholipids. Cancer Immunol Ther 25:185; 1987.

Yamamoto, D., Homma, S., Haddad, A.M., Kowalski, A.: Vitamin D3 binding protein required for in vitro activation of macrophages after alkylglycerol treatment of mouse peritoneal cells. Immunol, 74:420-424; 1991.

Yamamoto, N., St. Clair, D.A., Homma, S., Ngwenya, B.: Activation of mouse macrophages by alkylglycerols, inflammation products of cancerous tissues. Cancer Research, 48:6044-6049; 1988.

Yamamoto, N., Willett, N.P., Lindsay, D.D.: Participation of serum proteins in the inflammation-primed activations of macrophages. Inflammation, Vol 18, No 3; 1994.

VARIOS (INCIDENCIA. ABSORCION, METABOLISMO, EFECTOS BIOLOGICOS)

Ahrne, L., Bjorck, L., Raznikewicz, T., Claesson,O.: Glycerol ether in colostrum and milk from cow, goat, pig and sheep. J Dairy Sci, 63:741-745, 1980.

Arturson, G., Lindback, M.: Experiments on the effect of batyl alcohol on the number of erythrocytes and reticulocytes in white mice. Acta Soc Med Upsalien, 56, 19. 1951.

Bergstrom, S., Blomstrand, R.: The intestinal absorption and metabolism of chimyl alcohol in the rat. Acta Physiol Scand; 38:166, 1956.

Blomstrand, R., Ahrens, E.J. Jr.: Absorption of chimyl alcohol in man. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med;
100:802-5, 1959.

Blomstrand, R.: Digestion, absorption and metabolism of chimyl alcohol feed as free alcohol or as alkyloxydiglyceride. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med; 102:662-5, 1959.

Bodman, J., Maisin, J.H.: The a-glyceryl ethers. Clin Chem Acta; Vol. 3, 1958.

Brohult, A.: AIkylglycerols as growth-stimulating substances. Nature 188:591-592, 1960.

Davies, G.G., Heilbron, I.M., Owens, W.M.: The unsaponifiable matter from the oils of elasmobranch fish. Part 7. The synthesis of a-glycerol ethers and its bearing of the structure of batyl, selachyl and chimyl alcohols. J Chem Soc; 2542, 1930.

Hallgren, B., Larsson, S.: The glycerol ethers in the liver oils of elasmobranch fish. Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 3, No. 1,31-38, Jan 1962.

Hallgren, B., Larsson, S.: The glycerol ethers in man and cow. Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 3, No. 1,39-43, Jan 1962.

Hallgren, B., Niclasson, A., Stallberg, G., Thorin, H.: On the occurrence of 1-0-alkylglycerols and 1-0(2-methoxyalkyl) glycerols in human colostrum, human milk, cow’s milk, sheep's milk, human red bone marrow, red cells, blood plasma and uterine carcinoma. Acta Chem Scand; B28:1029-34, 1974, No. 9.

Hallgren, B. Therapeutic effects of ether lipids. Ether Lipids: Biochemical & Biomedical Aspects, Academic Press, Inc., 1983.

Hallgren, B., Stallberg, G., Boeryd, B.: Occurrence, synthesis and biological effect of methoxysubstituted ethers. Progress in Chemistry of Fats and other Lipids; 16:45, 1978.

Hanahan, D.J., Munder, P.G., Satuoochi, K., McManus, L., Pinckard, R.N.: Potent platelet-stimulating activity of enantiomers of acetylglyceryl ether phosphorylcholine and its methoxy analogues.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun; 1: 183-8, 1981.

Holmberg, I., Mysen, G., Persson, G.: Component lipids of some food raw materials. Sixth Congress of the Intern Soc for Fat Research, London, 1962.

Holmes, H.N., Corbet, R.E., Geiger, W.B., et al.: The isolation and identification of batyl alcohol and cholesterol from yellow bone marrow. J Amer Chem Soc, 63:2:2607, 1941.

Horrocks, L.A.: Composition and metabolism of mammalian lipids that contain ether groups. Snyder F (ed) Ether Lipids, Academic Press, New York, 177-272, 1972.

Linman, J.W.: Hemopoietic effects of glyceryl ethers. Inactivity of selachyl alcohol. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 104:703-706, 1972.

Mulik, N., Tosaki, A., Engelman, R.M., Cordis, G.A., Das, D.K.: Myocardial salvage by
1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycerol: possible role of peroxisomal dysfunction in ischemia reperfusion injury. J Cardiovas Pharmacol, 24.486-492, 1994.

Osmond, D.G., et al.: The Action of Batyl Alcohol and Selachyl Alcohol on the Bone Marrow of the Guinea Pig. Acta Hematol.

Pugliese, P.T.: Alkylglycerols. In: Textbook of Natural Medicine, 2nd edition, edited by J.E. Pizzorno Jr. and Michael T. Murray. Churchill Livingstone.

Pugliese, P.T.: Devour Disease With Shark Liver Oil. IMPAKT Communications, Inc., 1999.

Pugliese, P.T., Jordan, K., Cederberg, H., Brohult, J.: Some biological actions of alkylglycerols from shark liver oil. J. Altern Complement Med. 4: 87-99, 1998.

Quie, P.G.: Antimicrobial defenses in the neonate. Seminars in Perinatology, Vol. 14, No. 4, suppl. 1, Aug. 1990, pp. 2-9.

Sandler, O.E.: Some experimental studies on the erythropoietic effects of yellow bone marrow extracts and batyl alcohol. Acta Med Scand, suppl 225:133. 1949.

Spener, F.: Ether lipids in clinical diagnosis and medical research. In Ether Lipids (eds Mangold HK and Paltauf FP) New York: Academica Press, 239-259, 1983.

Tsujimoto, M., Toyama, Y.: Über die Unverseifbaren Bestandtiele (hoheren Alkohole) der Haifish und Rochenleberole. I. Chemishce Umschau, XXIX, 27-29, 1922.

Tsujimoto, M., Toyama, Y.: The liver oils from elasmobranch fish. J Soc Chem Ind. 51:317, 1932.

Villee, C.A.: Shark Oil and Medicine. N Engl J Med, 282:1265-6, 1970.

BIOQUIMICA:

Adams, D.O., Hamilton, T.A.: The cell biology of macrophage activation. Annu Rev Immunol
2:283-316, 1984.

Ahrne, L., Bjorck, L., Claesson, 0.: Incorporation of dietary 1-0-alkyldiacyl glycerols into tissue lipids of neonatal rats. Ann Nutr Metab, 26:162-170, 1982.

Berridge, M.J.: Inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol as second messengers. Biochem J, 220:175-8; 1984.

Blank ML, et al.: A method for the quantitative determination of glyverolipids containing O-alkyl and O-alk-1-enyl moieties. Biochim Biophys Acta, 380: 208-218; 1975.

Blank, M.L., Lee, T.C., Fizgerald, V., Snyder, F.: A specific acetylhydrolase for 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine ( a hypotensive and platelet-activating lipid) J Biol Chem, 256:175-8;
1981.

Bordier, C.G, Sellier, N., Foucault, A.P., Le Goffic, F. Purification and characterization of deep sea shark Centrophorus squamous liver oil 1-O-alkylglycerol ether lipids. Laboratoire de Bioorganique et Biotechnologies, ENSCP-CNRS, Paris, France. Lipids, 31: 521-528, 1996.

Cabot MC, et al.: Manipulation of alkylglycerolipid levels in cultured cells. Fatty alcohol versus alkylglycerol supplements. Biochim Biophys Acta, 617:410-418; 1980.

Daniel, L. W., Small, G. W., Schmitt, J.D.: Alkyl-linked diglycerides inhibit protein kinase C activation by diacylglycerols. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 151:291-7. 1988.

Demopoulos, C.A., Pinkard, R.N., Hanahan, D.J.: Platelet-activating factor. Evidence for 1-O-alkylglyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine as the active component (a new class of lipid chemical mediators). J Biol Chem, 254:9355-9358; 1979.

Grosman, N.: Effects of the ether phospholipid AMG-PC on mast cells are similar to that of the ether lipid AMG but different from that of the analogue hexadecylphosphocholine. Department of Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Den. Immunopharmacology (Netherlands) Jul-Aug, 22 (I) p.
39-47; 1991.

Holab, B.J., Philbrick, D.J., Parbtani, A., Clark, W.F.: Dietary lipid modification of renal disorders and ether phospholipid metabolism. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph. Ont, Canada. Biochem Cell BioI (Canada), 69 (7) p. 185-9; Jul 1991.

Kloprogge, E., Akkerman, N.: Binding kinetics of PAF-aether (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) in intact human platelets. Biochem J, 223:901-9. 1984.

LeBlanc, K., Samuelsson, J., Brohult, J., Berg, A., Palmblad, J.: 1-O-hexadecyl-2-metoxy-glycero-3-phosphatidyeocholine - a methoxy ether lipid inhibiting platelet activating factor-induced platelet aggregation and neutrophil oxidative metabolism. Biochem Pharm. Vol 49, No 11, p. 1577-1582;
1995.

Lee, T.C., Snyder, F.: Function, metabolism, and regulation of platelet activating factor and related ether lipids. In "Phospholipids and Cellular Regulation". edited by J.F. Kuo CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, p.1-39; 1993.

Lewis, J.C., O'Flaherty, J.T., McCall, C.E., Wykle, R.L., Bond, M.G.: Platelet- activating factor effects on pulmonary ultra structure in rabbits. Exp. Mol. Pathol, 38:100-108; 1983.

Lin HJ, et al.: Abnormal distribution of O-alkyl groups in the neutral glycerolipids. Cancer Research, 38: 946-949; 1978.

Lohmeyer, M., Workman, P.: The role of intracellular free calcium mobilization in mechanism of action of antitumor ether lipids SRI 62-834 and ET -18-0ME. Biochem Pharmacol. 45:77-85; 1993.

Ma, D., Beverly, S.M., Turco, S.J.: Leishmania donovani possess a NADPH-dependent alkylglycerol cleavage enzyme. Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA, Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 227: 885-889, Oct. 1996.

Mangold, H.K., Paltauf, F. (eds): Ether lipids. Academic Press. New York, 1983.

Mangold, H.K.: In Ether Lipids: Chemistry and Biology. (FL Snyder ed) pp 157-176, Academic Press, New York, 1972.

McManus, L.M.: Pathobiology of platelet-activating factor. Pathol. Immunopathol Res., 5: 104- 117;
1986.

McNeely, T.B., Rosen, G., Londner, M. V., Turco, S.J.: Inhibitory effects on protein kinase C activity by lipophosphoglycan fragments and glycosylphosphatidylinositol antigens of the protozoan parasite. Leishmania, Biochem J. 259:601-604; 1989.

Mueller H.W., O'Flaherty, J.T., Greene, D.G., Samuel, M.P., Wykle, R.L.: 1-O-alkyl-linked glycerophosphorolipids of human neutrophils: distribution of arachidonate and other acyl residues in the ether-linked and diacyl species. J Lipid Res, 25:383-88; 1984.

Murphy, M.G., Wright, V., Ackman, R.G., Horackova, M. Diets enriched in menhaden fish oil, seal oil, or shark liver oil have distinct effects on the lipid and fatty-acid composition of guinea pig heart. Mol Cell Biochem. 177: 257-269, Dec. 1997.

Nishizuka, Y.: Turnover of inositol phospholipids and signal transduction. Science, 225:1365-1370;
1984.

O'Flaherty, F.A, Walsh, R.I.: Biology and biochemistry of platelet-activating factor. Clin Rev Allergy, 1:353-367; 1983.

O'Rourke, F.A., Halenda, S.P., Zavoico, G.B., Feinstein, M.B.: Inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate releases Ca2+ from a Ca2+ transporting membrane vesicle fraction derived from human platelets. J Biol Chem 260:956-962; 1985.

Paltauf, F.: Metabolism of enantiometric 1-O-alkylglycerols ethers in the rat intestinal mucosa in vivo; incorporation into 1-O-alkyl and 1-O-alky-1-enyl glycerols lipids. Biochem Biophys Acta, 239:38-46; 1971.

Pinckard, R.N.: Platelet activating factor. In "Allergy", edited by A.P. Kaplan. Churchill Livingstone, New York, p. 165-74; 1985.

Pinckard, R.N., Prihoda, T.J.: Alkyl-PAF and acyl-PAF human neutrophil priming for enhanced fMLP and rC5a-induced superoxide anion production. J Leukocyte Biol, 59:219; 1996.

Robinson, M., Burdine, R., Warne, T.R.: Inhibition of phorbol ester-stimulated arachidonic acid release by alkylglycerols. Department of Biochemistry, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City 37614. Biochem Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Vol. 1254, No. 3, Feb 1995.

Renesto, P., Vicart, P., Paulin, D., Chingard, M.: Protective effect of platelet activating factor antagonists on cultured endothelial cell lysis induced by elastase or activated neutrophils. Brit J Pharmacol, Vol. 117, No. 5; March 1996.

Schlondorff, D., Neuwirth, R.: Platelet-activating factor and the kidney. Am. J. Physiol., 251:F1-F1 I.

Serhan, C.N. Haggstrom, J.Z., Leslie, C.C.: Lipid mediator networks in cell signaling: update and impact of cytokines. The FASEB Journal, 10:1147-1158;

Snyder F, et al.: The participation of I- and 2-isomers of O-alkylglycerols as acyl acceptors in cell-free systems. Biochim Biophys Acta, 202: 244-249; 1970.

Surrette, M.E., Winkler, J.D., Fonteh, A.N., Chilton, F.R.: Relationship between arachidonatephospholipid remodeling and adoptosis. Biochemistry, 35:9187-9196; 1996.

Wardlow, M.I., Cox, C.P., Meng, K.E., Greene, D.E., Farr, R.S.: Substrate specificity and partial characterization of the PAF-acylhydrolase in human serum that rapidly inactivates platelet activating factor. J Immunol, 136:3441-6; 1986.

Warne, T.R., Buchanan, F.G., Robinson, M.: Growth-dependent accumulation of monoalkylglycerols in the Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. J Biol Chem. 19:11147-11154; 1995.

Weber, N.: Metabolism of orally administered rac-1-0-(1-C14) dodecylglycerol and nutritional effect of dietary rac-1-0-dodecylglycerol in mice. J Lipid Res, 26:1412-20; 1985.

Weidermann, G.: Studies on the chemical nature of the unsaponifiable fraction of fish oil. Biochem J, 20:685; 1926.

Weltzien, H.U., Munder, P.G.: In "Ether Lipids Biochemical and Biomedical Aspects". (Mangold, H.K., and Paltauf, F., eds) Academic Press, New York, pp.277-308, 1983.

Wykle, R.L., Olson, S.C., O'Flaherty, J.T.: Biochemical pathways of platelet activating factor synthesis and breakdown. Adv. Inflam Res, 11:71-81; 1986.

METALES PESADOS:

Fredin, B.: Preliminary observations of rapid effects of alkylglycerols on the excretions of mercury in man. A pilot study, Department of Physiological Chemistry IV University of Lund – Sweden, 1988.

Fredin, B.: Effects of alkoxy-glycerols on the accumulation of mercury in rats after a single dose of metallic mercury. Swed J Biol Med; Jan 1990.